Most people in Pakistan hear about FIRs every day on news channels, but when something happens in real life, they are not sure what to do.
Should you really go to the police station?
Will an FIR make things worse or better?
What will happen after you give your statement? This guide explains what an FIR is, when you should register one, and what the legal process looks like after registration. It is for general knowledge and does not replace legal advice for your specific case.
What Is an FIR?
FIR stands for First Information Report.
It is the written report recorded by the police when they receive information about a cognizable offence — an offence where police can start investigation and, in many cases, arrest without prior permission of the court.
Key points:
- FIR is normally written at the police station having jurisdiction over the place of incident.
- It contains basic facts: who, what, when, where, and how.
- Once registered, the FIR becomes the starting point of a criminal case.
A simple verbal complaint to the police is not the same as a registered FIR unless it is reduced into writing, read over to you, and signed.
When Should You Register an FIR?
You should think about filing an FIR when a serious offence has occurred, such as:
- Theft, robbery, dacoity, or snatching
- Physical assault or injuries
- Domestic violence and serious threats
- Kidnapping or abduction
- Sexual offences
- Fraud, cheating, or criminal breach of trust
- Serious traffic accidents causing death or major injury
- Cybercrime offences (in some cases through FIA cybercrime wing)
In short, if an incident threatens life, liberty, or property, and you want the state to take action, registering an FIR is usually the correct step.For minor issues or personal misunderstandings, sometimes a written complaint or application to the police or a negotiated settlement may be enough. A lawyer can help you decide
Where and How to Register an FIR
1. Go to the relevant police station
Visit the station within whose area the incident took place. Take your CNIC and any basic documents.
2. Narrate the facts clearly
Tell the duty officer what happened, in simple order:
- Date and time
- Place
- Names or description of people involved
- What exactly they did
- Any witnesses present
3. Make sure the FIR is written correctly
The officer will reduce your statement into writing. Read it carefully before signing or affixing your thumb impression. Ask for corrections if any detail is wrong or missing.
4. Get a copy of the FIR
You are entitled to receive a free copy of the FIR with its number, date, and name of the police station. Keep this copy safely.In some provinces there are also helplines and online complaint systems. These can help start the process, but a formal FIR is usually still recorded at the police station.
What Happens After an FIR Is Registered?
Once the FIR is lodged, the criminal justice process starts:
- Investigation begins
- Police visit the scene of the incident.
- They collect evidence, record statements, and prepare site plans.
- Arrests and bail
- If needed, police may arrest the accused.
- The accused may then seek bail from the court, depending on the nature of the offence.
- Case diary and challan
- The Investigating Officer maintains a record of each step.
- After investigation, police submit a challan (report) to the trial court.
- Trial in court
- The court frames charges, hears witnesses, and examines evidence.
- Based on the evidence, the accused is either convicted or acquitted.
- Compromise or settlement (in compoundable offences)
- In some offences, parties can enter legal compromise with permission of the court.
- Even then, it is important to follow proper legal procedure.
Common Problems People Face With FIRs
People in Pakistan often face these issues:
- Police refusing to register an FIR and trying to “adjust” the matter informally
- Wrong sections of law added which do not match the incident
- Delay in investigation or pressure from one side
- False or politically motivated FIRs used to harass someone
Understanding your rights helps you deal with these situations calmly.
What If Police Refuse to Register an FIR?
If the police station is not cooperating:
- Ask for written reasons
Politely request the duty officer or SHO to record why they are not registering the FIR. - Approach senior police officers
You can send a written application to the SP/SSP or DIG of the area along with copies of your CNIC and supporting documents. - Use complaint helplines or citizen portals
Many provinces have complaint numbers and apps where you can raise the issue and obtain a tracking ID.
File a private complaint to the magistrate
Through a lawyer, you may directly approach the court. The magistrate can order the police to register an FIR or may proceed on your complaint.
Facing a False or Malicious FIR?
Being named in a false FIR is extremely stressful. If you believe the FIR against you is baseless:
- Contact a criminal law expert immediately
They can guide you on anticipatory bail and your immediate safety. - Collect your own evidence
Documents, CCTV footage, mobile records, and witness statements can become crucial. - Seek bail and challenge the FIR
In some cases, petitions to quash the FIR or to delete incorrect sections may be possible.
Every case is different, so personal legal advice is important.
Practical Tips Before and After Filing an FIR
- Do not exaggerate. Stick to facts you can support.
- Avoid signing any paper you have not read or understood.
- Note down names/designations of police officials dealing with your case.
- Keep copies or photos of all documents you submit.
- Update your lawyer regularly about any new development.
FAQs – FIR in Pakistan
Q1. Can I withdraw an FIR after compromise?
In many compoundable offences, compromise is possible with court permission. Your lawyer can move the required application. For serious non-compoundable offences, the court’s role is much stricter.
Q2. Is delay in filing an FIR always bad?
Not always, but unexplained delay can raise doubts. It is better to report serious incidents as soon as reasonably possible.
Q3. Can FIR be registered in a city different from where the incident happened?
Normally jurisdiction lies with the area where the incident occurred. There are a few exceptions, but your lawyer should guide you.Q4. Do I really need a lawyer to file an FIR?
For simple matters, you may go alone. But if the case is sensitive or complicated, speaking to a lawyer first is usually safer.
Talk to a Criminal Law Team Before You Decide
Filing or facing an FIR is a serious step. The way you handle the first few days often shapes the entire case.
Legal Law Firm can:
- Review what has happened
- Explain your options in simple language
- Support you whether you are the complainant or the accused
